Earth Coordinates, Equator vs Pole & Solstice Calculator
Calculate distance per 1° longitude by latitude, solar noon elevation, and seasonal solstice angles.
Input Parameters
Calculation Results
Formula & How Earth Coordinates, Equator vs Pole & Solstice Calculator Works
Because lines of longitude converge at the geographic poles, 1° of longitude spans 111.32 km at the Equator, shrinking to 0 km at the North and South Poles according to a cosine curve.
- Enter Latitude in Degrees (e.g. -31.95 for Perth): Input your target parameter value.
- Apply Formula: Calculate using
1° Longitude Distance = 111.32 km × cos(Latitude) | Solar Noon = 90° - Lat ± 23.44°. - Review Results: View exact computed answers, metrics, and worked mathematical proofs.
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Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
How long is 1 degree of longitude at the Equator?
At the Equator (0° latitude), 1 degree of longitude is exactly 111.32 km (60 Nautical Miles).
Why do seasons change between Northern and Southern Hemispheres?
Earth's 23.44° axial tilt causes opposite hemispheres to tilt toward or away from the Sun during their respective solstices.
Authoritative Standards & Verified Reference Citations
Calculations and mathematical logic on this page are grounded in published statutory rules, regulatory standards, and official government data published by the following bodies:
Open government data, scientific datums, and public sector mathematical reference datasets.
Australia's national authority on physical, chemical, and biological metric measurement standards.
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