Physics ToolNew

Earth Coordinates, Equator vs Pole & Solstice Calculator

Calculate distance per 1° longitude by latitude, solar noon elevation, and seasonal solstice angles.

Input Parameters

Calculation Results

1° Longitude Distance at this Latitude
94.46 km (51 NM)
Comparison: Equator vs Pole
Equator: 111.32 km | Poles: 0.0 km
Summer Solstice Solar Noon Elevation
81.5° above horizon
Winter Solstice Solar Noon Elevation
34.6° above horizon
Summary: At 31.95° South latitude, 1° of longitude spans 94.46 km (compared to 111.32 km at the Equator and 0 km at the Poles).
Step-by-Step Calculation Solution
1.Distance of 1° Longitude = 111.32 km × cos(31.95°) = 94.46 km
2.Distance of 1° Latitude = 111.0 km (constant meridian arc distance)
3.Solar Noon Elevation = 90° - Latitude ± Solar Declination (23.44°)

Formula & How Earth Coordinates, Equator vs Pole & Solstice Calculator Works

Mathematical Formula
1° Longitude Distance = 111.32 km × cos(Latitude) | Solar Noon = 90° - Lat ± 23.44°

Because lines of longitude converge at the geographic poles, 1° of longitude spans 111.32 km at the Equator, shrinking to 0 km at the North and South Poles according to a cosine curve.

How to Calculate Earth Coordinates, Equator vs Pole & Solstice Calculator (Step-by-Step)
  1. Enter Latitude in Degrees (e.g. -31.95 for Perth): Input your target parameter value.
  2. Apply Formula: Calculate using 1° Longitude Distance = 111.32 km × cos(Latitude) | Solar Noon = 90° - Lat ± 23.44°.
  3. Review Results: View exact computed answers, metrics, and worked mathematical proofs.
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Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

How long is 1 degree of longitude at the Equator?

At the Equator (0° latitude), 1 degree of longitude is exactly 111.32 km (60 Nautical Miles).

Why do seasons change between Northern and Southern Hemispheres?

Earth's 23.44° axial tilt causes opposite hemispheres to tilt toward or away from the Sun during their respective solstices.

Official Regulatory & Government Data Sources

Authoritative Standards & Verified Reference Citations

Independent & Verified

Calculations and mathematical logic on this page are grounded in published statutory rules, regulatory standards, and official government data published by the following bodies:

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